Code Zebra: Theorizing Discourse and Play
Sara Diamond
Code Zebra is a scalable plug and play system that combines research into the differences and similarities in practices, ideas and research in arts and science. Science has eclipsed culture in the popular imagination in many ways. Some science theorists see themselves as filling a third space, one that replaces culture as the significant discourse of the present and future.
Code Zebra considers that in a highly mediated culture, dialogues with large social impacts are often performed. In any case, we assume roles that have boundaries and bahvaiours. Code Zebra is a volatile, interactive performance, software and social system where art meets science. The performances occur at sites around the world and on the web. CZ induces dialogues and debates between science (with an interest in computer and biological science) and arts (including visual art, design, fashion, architecture). Code Zebra uses strategies of seduction, pleasure, discomfort and pattern recognition, in order to enable the transformation of disciplinary boundaries.
There will be camera streams from zebra cages, tours of endangered areas with artists and scientists, lock up incidents in which artists and scientists cohabit and discuss issues of mutual concern as well as those set by audiences. The project includes ZebraClubs, dance and dramatic performances, dramatic episodes on the web site about artists and scientists, and animals relevant to the project, membership in the Code Zebra animal kingdom, interviews with artists and scientists and, perhaps most important, a software visualisation tool. Code Zebra will be captured in video and Internet streams and form part of a significant archive that will be used in performing the work. A documentary about the cross-disciplinary collaboration, conflicts and resolution of vision may be the most valuable living document. The very making of the project involves a rigorous and difficult dialogue between disciplines. Code Zebra directly addresses the problem of how audiences become active participant in projects that demand their participation and engagement. The perceptual universe of Code Zebra will be rich, underlining the ways that audiences are affected by immersive environments.
The project draws from performance theory, discourse analysis and linguistics, radical sociology (social scripting). It hopes to provide tools for cross-disciplinary research, making use of visualization and simulation.
The tale of origin for Code Zebra is a seduction scene that I wrote between an artist and scientist who are entwined in the branches of a mangrove tree. They explore lycanthropy (becoming animal) in order to imagine each other’s characteristics. They are supervised by an ethics committee and committee of elders who interrogate them about their methodologies. I was fascinated with last century’s pre-millennial obsession with merging art and science and wanted to interrogate this. Various animals with reaction diffusion patterns live In the Code Zebra ecology. The evolutionary histories and behaviours of these animals underlie the choreographies that will be taught and led in the Club Zebra dances and performance. The behaviours are translated into rule sets that govern chat and language play on the site.
Learning From the Animals
In a recent research residency through the University of Surrey, UK, I interviewed artists and scientists. I realized that they do have much in common in working methods, particularly in the process of discovery. Their formal modes of presentation and discourse overlapped and varied. This influenced my animal characters, from the hyena to the zebra to the big cats, zebra mice, peacocks, butterflies, ocelots and others who have very different ways of being within an online software environments, a zoo or a performance world. In a workshop with actors and dancers we improvised from my biological research, using back stories about the animals that I had written. We developed six movements or degrees of freedom for each animal, ways for the animals to interact within an environment. This poignant process was meant to translate from a gestural grammar into human language. It referenced the entire project in a concern for essentializing behaviours. I am working with experts in analyzing how people chat as well as computer scientists and programmers and developing language and chat toys, using constrained language sets based on the animals ways of operating in their worlds (for e.g. hyenas engage in highly competitive short bursts of text using limited word postings and accelerated speed). These sets can be invoked by participants on the site as modes of play or by moderators to break conceptual and other roadblocks.
Part of the eventual plan is to induce talented artists and research scientists to enter a perfectly appointed and anointed Code Zebra living environment, where many forms of pleasurable entertainment will be available but where, they are expected to cohabitate and cohabituate for a period of time. The Code Zebra Habituation Cage will be an installation in its own right, filled with patterned materials generated from previous topical web dialogue. The locked up individuals are "themselves", but they too are provided with lycanthropic alibis and related scripts to foster interaction and modification, as well as topics for discussion.
The dialogues will be measured and monitored and the reaction diffusion patterns that they create will be available as visual images for the audience on the web. The locked up researchers will have their own recording technologies that they can use during the event and share at will. Their primary external source of communication will be through the software on the site or through the video surveillance system streaming through the site. Prompting by the CZ characters will take place through the video monitor through the characters or in the actual space, with visits from characters when appropriate.
On April 10-12, 2001 a group of theatre artists, performers, software engineers and set designers met in London in two locations, the Back Hill Studios of the London Institute and Sara Diamond’s apartment in Finsbury Park.
Their task was to act out, discover, research and describe the behaviors of key animal types that would represent the "Tight Rule Sets" that are part of the CodeZebra software and interactive performance project and then to begin imagining the more abstract types of activities that relate to the "known" animal behaviors. We would figure out what it was like to inhabit an animal character type and hence how the site might feel for users/players—to imply state hood as characters, to develop who and how for moderators both human and technical. The tight rule sets are the clan like behaviors that are extreme character sets within Code Zebra. These rule sets will eventually become speech/text/dialogue patterns in CodeZebra. They would be worked out as movement sets that could feel like speech. The patterns or iterations generate behaviors and relationships, i.e. from choreographies; these might emerge ways of acting in the space, this was a metaphor for the web and for actual performances. It would provide groupings based on animal sets and also would be groupings for artists, scientists, critics and other users. It was assumed that these three disciplines would move amongst the different animal types. Part of our research will be to see if scientists tend more towards being zebras, artists towards hyenas etc. The character sets will also become the base for possible web episodic on the CodeZebra site. Their characters and behaviors provide fodder for the writer or writer team to draw from in developing narrative for CodeZebra, framing events that would happen in virtual space and on the web, in understanding how identification and polarization can occur and be used in the project. The character back-stories for the zebra and the hyena are available.
As modes of speech these also correspond with breathing, or the pace of breath. These animal clans carry an emotional energy (hysteria, anger, rampant libido, for e.g.) One could imagine an analyzed dialogue where each player in a peer to peer contest would have ten seconds to write, or state their opinion on a theme, or there line. The dialogue might have an exquisite corpse quality. It could be like a pissing contest. The patterns also can represent moderator or free radical behaviors that professional and non-professional users can occupy as masks. They represent interventions that would appear into discussion groups, on log on, etc., as intelligent agents. The performances will also be the basis for choreographies, agent and actor activity in live events and club processes. It would include actors engaged in dialogues; these might also be QuickTime movies on the site or dramatic text or radio elements. These stories or dialogues might be used as a fictional kick off to actual discussions between artists and scientists. We planned to improvise some of the dialogues at the workshop, using scientific terms and key debates that Diamond chose (for e.g. decomposition).
They represent clans that users and performers and participants in the Club events can join, play in, pose in. As the workshop evolved a number of possibilities for other applications of the animal characters developed. The choice of animals was predicated on several factors: only animals with reaction/diffusion pattern; animals in systemic relationship with each other; animals that seemed to represent different ways of being in an extreme sense. The site is currently missing dogs, rodents, insects, most birds and many others. The idea is that these sets could be added or evolve over time. These ideas are summarized at the end of this text.
The original idea of CodeZebra as an enabling environment, including software has been to provide tools for serious discussion as well as play in uncovering a common field as well as points of differentiation between art and science, artists and scientists. The project used the notions of lycanthropy (believing that one is an animal within a culture that sees these behaviors as psychotic) and shamanism (believing that one is an animal, but within a culture that permit ritual and healing through this belief). The tight rule sets emerged in the workshop in San Francisco as behaviors that represent identifiable or extreme behaviors in the ways that people communicate. These would have specific modes of dialogue to them. They would be the positions within the software that moderators would call upon to invoke a change in dialogue style, or where people who choose a particular mode of discussion, would locate themselves.
What does a TRS imply? Zebras are highly organized, self-protective, exclusive of others, narcissistic and able to present a strong common front. They debate, pose reflectively, browse (research), drink in knowledge, digest, then begin discourse again, all the while vulnerable to attack and to their enemies, highly wary and with strong camouflage capabilities and an urge for violence to enforce conformity. Although appearing anthropomorphic the description that you just read does spring board off of solid biological and zoological data. Further design implications emerged through the workshops. The following notes discuss what we actually did in the workshop. These are followed by our discoveries about each of the animals and then by a series of comments about lessons learned and challenges.
The Characters, Their Routines and Speech Patterns: What Came Out of the Improvs
Zebras: ROUTINE
Zebras: REFLECTION ON STYLE
In order to develop language game or rule structures for each animal, we considered what we had learned about the animal’s behaviour, their movements and sounds.
The Zebra, back and forth, stomp, browse, chomp, slurp, nuzzle, remake community sense, talk at length, nit-pick, run on talk and pause, consider dangers, restart.
To us, zebras suggested a closed community. In the game space of the net, there would be more than one herd. The zebra rules sets are closed. The do not wander out of bounds, and know that they would lose grounding and die if their history breaks down. The weight of that history legitimizes consumption and narcissism, their care about how they look and are perceived. Their relationship to language is stripy—thoughtful, extended posting, consideration and surfing the prove points, rumination. Running debate in the group, freezing to check, reinforce identity by grooming and restarting the process. Zebra is a highly structured, dialogical, locked space. They change in incremental form, two rules, they are never strung out as set. One coder suggested that they are, "the perfect algorithm". They are very akin to scientists and artists as groups, perhaps an evangelist, cooperative or committed community, gated, selective. The illusion of not changing through stillness allows slow change and adaptation. The Masai when they die become zebras.
In the small space of the apartment, the enactment and viewing of the zebra death evoked a great deal of emotion. Players described being in a calm state as they stomped the baby zebra to death, they had sense of reaching into a shared past, they noted that the giraffe, another player, was crying. A colt tried to stop the death by getting in the way, and found it emotionally difficult. The victim resisted and then stopped trying to survive, wanting death to come fast. The rich narrative moved action on site as huge shift. This was state change acting within the group. However, the earlier repetition had created from chaos, a sense of coherence. The biologist Brian Goodwin, describing animal patterned activity arising from individual chaotic efforts states, "when a certain density of individuals is present a rhythmic cycle develops". Silence was a key element in building the drama, punctuated by the regular animal sounds.
The abduction scene was also very compelling, with zebras, acting much like humans in clubs, working out strategies to protect a young female in estrus. The performers worked hard to mobilize the space, to make elements of the small territory meaningful. We also found ourselves working out how to use WAP technology (instant messaging) as a device that would intrude the human into the animal (much as cameras will) and also provide another level of patterning and play. We eventually lost the young female when she was drawn by a mobile call by one of the aggressive zebra males. She became fascinated, broke ranks and was kidnapped. The humour of the scene escalated as it played out between two people we knew had a complex personal relationship. This certainly happens within chat worlds.
Code Zebra Orifice System: Situationist Coding
The software development side of the project is really exciting. In November and December of 2000, a group of leading artist/software developers, streamed media artists, discourse theorists, chat analysts, computer scientists and programmers gathered in San Francisco, led by Sara Diamond and hosted by the Arts Alliance. Together, they modeled the first stage of Code Zebra, a software that will analyze and allow people to author on-line chat, video streams, producing visual patterns that allow users to better understand and symbolize their own position within discussions. The software deploys reaction/diffusion patterns from nature, but permits individuals or groups to have a personalized pattern that evolves from how they chat on the site. We just finished a three week intensive period of work on the software, planning and refining it and the staging the creation of the first prototype. The software will be capable of authoring and visualizing analyzing all topics, but will be focussed on debates and discussions in art and science as a development phase.
The software provides users with the ability to use visualization patterns to locate themselves within an Internet discussion, review their histories of dialogue, enter a deeply moderated or anarchic space that is designated by topic and/or by mode of chat and feel physically located in this space; monitor other chats simultaneously, use physical links to relate ideas; build a personal pattern icon and a personal tale of chats and Internet dialogues that unfolds as a visually beautiful, navigable, shareable 3D and sound movie. The performances and the software translate constantly, between the semantic meanings of concepts, people’s relationships, into visualization new levels of understanding. The software enables agency (you choose topics and people), but its intelligence constantly suggests new possibilities of idea, related concepts and people for you to connect to. While appearing light, beautiful and playful, this project is in fact serious and viral. The focus of the software are tools to enable emotional analysis of conversations as well as knowing who is talking to whom and what they are speaking about. It is authoring software where you can choose your relationships, and styles, but the software also suggests and defines for you. We have also developed tight rule sets, which are the animal patterns. These are, as mentioned elsewhere, games that one can play with language on the site. The sets are also measured from how people chat and users will be pushed towards not only having their own moniker or pattern, but also membership in an animal species. Eventually the software will have AI in it that not only analyses how users post but also connects and drives them towards common interests and parallel topics that they may have interest in, as well as towards the tight rule sets and species as appropriate. A robust database will permit users to reference the histories and morphology of topics on the site. There will be a search engine to reach out into the web and find related underlying topics.
The user enters each chat or dialogue session by dwelling on the surface of the site and then diving into a familiar or seductive pattern. Once in the pattern one moves through its moving mass and can stay at any point for dialogue. The software monitors styles of discussion through pattern analysis and can impose patterns on certain kinds of dialogues should these go astray or at least suggest these. Patterns can be used to analyses what people are talking to each other, about what, but most profoundly how they are talking. Character scripts based on the reaction diffusion animals and using tight rule sets will be used to set up games or create modes of speaking when appropriate. This process of swimming through the topography of the site is called orifice systems (OS).
Each user creates their icon on the site, a moniker for HOW they interact. Each chat sessions produces a pattern that they can capture at a point in time. It forms a ring, or layer attached to their icon. Over time, these layers build to create a personal tale. These are three-dimensional forms that the user can enter, fly through, fly around, pull out layers of for reconsideration. Although highly visual (and eventually sonic), drilling down into these results in precise data base information about who one has spoken to, about what and in what style (aggressive debate, playful banter, formal panel discussion) at what time. The forms operate as 3D movies, luscious and beckoning. The monikers sit on the surface of the site, but at any time, users can expand to share these or revisit these alone or accompanied. We will let them edit and share their histories, or barter and trade layers.
The site itself looks like a moving mass of patterns, or an ocean. By tilting the surface, you can explore the longer-term history of discussions on the site, topics or ways of talking by swimming through long jellyfish strands that are also patterned. While animal or familiar nature patterns represent the most identifiable dialogue forms, the site itself swims with patterns that vary greatly, looking like bubbling lava, flowers, storm swirls, cellular structures and bacteria. All of these work from voronoi, cellular automata or reaction/diffusion sets. The software is 2D-3D.
The first prototype of the software will be ready for a workshop in Canada in August of 2001, with a test f launch in October 2001 in the UK and Budapest. A workshop will provide a local expert user group who will engage in performative dialogue on the web throughout the events in Hungary and relate to web users in other locations, producing dialogue hot spots and mood patterns that will be projected and integrated into the performances.
Commodities and CodeZebra
Part of the project is the development of the working model itself. I am documenting very carefully, even the discomfort, to analyze and present the ways that a complex team and set of ideas and disciplines can cohabit. In time we will use the software for development.
Code Zebra is a far ranging collaboration that includes the creation of dialogues across a variety of on-line and actual sites, participation in these, documentation of the discourse, performance/club events, the creation of objects, a software research project and the documentation of the process. The project itself requires collaboration of professionals with a wide range of skills as well as the public. The process of enabling this collaboration and the ways that the process changes as components of the project press on others, is worthy of research. At points in time ideas are locked down and realized. John Tonkin, who is leading the creation of the software has described it as an environment for prototyping an architecture.
There is a significant international production team. One member recently described it as Situationist software development. We certainly challenge traditional ideas about visualization and software development in this process. The team in wonderful. We had tremendous support from Arts Alliance, led by Jason Lewis last year. That site gives a list of workshop participants. The team’s current core members are John Tonkin, an Australian artist and computer programmer who is the systems architect, Sheelagh Carpendale, an advanced visualization scientist from Canada, who is supervising a graduate student on the project; Lizbeth Goodman from the UK, working on dramaturgy, Joshua Portway, from the UK working on the overview of the project and mass and spring systems for it; Marcelo Walters from Brazil, who is a simulations scientist working on the patterns, Andrew Salway, an artificial intelligence scientist from the UK is now helping, Warren Sack, a computational linguist from the USA, who will help with data analysis, as is Andrew, David Furlow, a UK/USA interactive drama project creator, multimedia producer and programmer, helping with the edrama aspects, Nick Ryan an audio visualization designer, Artyom Baguinski and Anne Nigten from V2 labs who are assisting with the architecture and visualization and will pick up the project in 2002 for production. Susan Kennard from Canada and Craig Hills, UK are working on the clubs, Marie Blunck, Tom Lochart, theatre designers, are working on the live events and set design. Craig has been doing video documentation as well. Katherine Milton and Skawennati Fragnito, Adrian Chan were very helpful in thinking out the chat as well as actors/dancers (Vanessa Richards, Katherine Milton, Vesna Milanovic, Tarik Thami, Stefan Kueppers, Sabra Khan, Sheila Gelani and others). Nina Czegledy, Lizbeth Goodman and Peter Ride have been active on the dissemination front, with Peter commissioning the work in the first place and Frank Boyd helping with fundraising. There are many others who have assisted in video documentation, associate producing, etc. It is a big international software research project. I hope I have not left anyone out!
You say on your web site that people could tattoo the dialog patterns onto
their skin therefore one could recognize a similar chat species - can you
tell us more about the idea behind this.
I talked above about the push pull sense of the software and the ways that the users will also be able to join an animal species who talk the way they do. Code Zebra focuses on social scripting, and finding ways understand the emotion in a conversation. It will be match makes people whose patterns are similar or users can opt for difference. The devices for this may include mobile technologies that identify individuals with similar patterns, a skin tattoo, or other such processes.
What is reaction/diffusion and how does it relate to the artist/scientist?
The metaphor of "zebra" is at the core of the project because zebra’s stripes are reaction/diffusion patterns; a provocative but resolution based way of describing dialogue. Evolutionary theory uses zebras as a case study, and reaction/diffusion has been at the core of this emerging performance series and at the heart of the operations of computer code. Zebras are the unexpected evolutionary protocol. They stand out in a crowd, but induce nausea in lions, their former predators. Above all zebras survive by moving in camouflaged herds.
The terms reaction/diffusion attracted me because it indicated that users should take responsibility for their ideas. Reaction/diffusions can indicate a stable state of well being within an ecology. I was interested in tools that press people to look at each others’ ideas in creative ways and take responsibility for their own ideas.
Both art and science is needed to fully understand nature and it¹s effects
on people. What is the difference between an artist and a scientist when
exploring the CZjungle?
There are different methods for certain between some forms of art and science, and science draws larger generalizations about issues. In both, ultimately everything in data though. Also, it seems that artists and scientists are both often intuitive in the process of discovery, applying rational, analyses and production tools afterwards. By using similar emotional and species patterns I may be better able to match-make artists and scientists. Code Zebra will do empirical research to see if artists and scientists explore emotion and chat in different ways.
The exhibition included prints off of the first software prototypes developed in San Francisco and two of the web sites associated with the project. Look at http://www.aalab.net/ephemera/resid/1.2CodeZebra/home.htm for an analysis of the workshop. It also included video work from our software presentation in the USA, our tour and analysis of the San Francisco zoo, and an installation of my former video works and photographs.
The web site is soon to be updated with results of the UK research, a new storyboard for the software and some language games that you can play. The first functional prototype will be tested in late August and then October on the codezebra.net site. But please follow the site for chat on science and art and for updates on the project.
What are your plans for the future with this project and with other
artworks?
CodeZebra is a major project. There will be club events (ZebraClub) with a VJ and DJ experience about life in R and D land, choreographed dances, opportunities to play with the software and print your own patterns; installations about the history of the project, the interviews and opportunities to play with the software again, public events and performances relevant to the debates, including the lock ups. As well, others and myself are writing about the software production process, the issues in developing character scripts and using drama to develop software.